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Appendix I. Acronyms

AMPS  Advanced Mobile Phone System

BER  Bit Error Rate. Probability of a data word being transmitted being in error.

BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting system

DS-CDMA Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access

E_bN_o Energy per bit to noise energy ratio (similar to SNR)

FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access

FFT Fast Fourier Transform

FH-CDMA Frequency Hopping Code Division Multiple Access

FIR Finite Impulse Response Filter

GSM Global System for Mobile telecommunications

IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

IS-95 International Standard for the CDMA phone system developed by Qualcomm Inc.

LEO Low Earth Orbit satellite

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QPSK Quadrate Phase Shift Keying

RMS Root Mean Square value

SNR Signal to Noise Ratio

TDM Time Division Multiplexing

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

VCR Video Cassette Recorder

Appendix II. OFDM Guassian Noise Performance Prediction

The performance of any OFDM system using phase shift keying can be worked out using the Table 21 and Table 22.

Table 21 Expected Phase Error on a OFDM carrier at difference SNR levels

Table 22 Expected Bit Error Rate for various noise levels. Z is the ratio of the maximum allowable phase angle / RMS phase error.

Appendix III. BER verses Eb/No for a CDMA system

Table 23 shows the bit error rate (BER) that would occur for a CDMA system that does not use forward error correction. The energy per bit to noise ratio (Eb/No), is the energy in the demodulated data bit, to the noise energy in the same bit. It is similar to the signal to noise ratio. The Eb/No is the effective signal to noise ratio of the demodulated, despread CDMA signal. Any noise, or interference in the radio channel is reduced by a factor equal to the process gain during despreading. The minimum allowable Eb/No that can be used for a particular system depends on the forward error correction scheme used, and the type of data being sent. Voice communications typically requires a BER better then ~1/100 or 0.01. This is assuming some forward error correction is used.

Table 23 Shows the Expected BER verses the energy per bit to noise ratio for a CDMA system